I thought the series by Lev Grossman, "The Magicians," handled this well. You have formal magical schools and you have people who learn on their own or with smaller groups. The magical schoolgoers are arrogant about their credentials and refer to the other groups as "hedge witches," or some...
You might like Larry Niven's Warlock series of stories. He decided that if magic existed at all, it would drive all of society. The stuff he does with it, and the sci-fi way he addresses the idea, are very solid and thorough. Plus his character the Warlock is kind of a jerk, but that's okay.
I always thought the Sith had the right idea. Why fight at all unless you fight for what you love? For some nebulous political or meditative principle? Bah I say.