Should there a similar number of male and female characters?

Interesting questions.

However, if the magic system does not favour one sex over the other, than doesn't the answer lie in the dictates or tendencies of the culture that the magic system exists within?

 

I don't think this is a problem if it fits with the culture, even if everyone can gain the same powers it's not hard to imagine fewer females being dedicated to pursuing a career that involves fighting compared to males.

In my own stories there are still more male warriors than female, despite the top female warriors being insanely strong and more than a match for any males.

 

Whatever you want to do, there is no rule. If it fits the framework of your story then go for it. I don't really pay too much attention to these kinds of things because I'm not purposely focusing on gender as an important factor in my story. There are women in my story with different personalities, goals, appearances, etc. They are there because they are important where telling the story is concerned, not because I feel there absolutely must be more females represented in fiction. I do not care for that mentality. At all.

 

For example women become pregnant while men don't which would make it likely for a woman pursuing a dangerous or physically strenuous career who wants to have children to take more breaks from it than a man in the same line of work. That could be a disadvantage in terms of reaching the top compared to male counterparts.

Also unless everyone in the world uses magic to fight, I imagine there could still be physically based cultural ideas (eg. men are more 'natural' fighters) which might influence females' career choices.

In my stories most characters fight primarily physically, although there are also some magic users.

 

Harry Potter was set in the real world with the addition of magic. As per our horrible history, many women in the past (such as in Grindelwald's time) may have been downtrodden and unable to study. Whether or not this case is the same in your world or not is entirely up to you.

One thing to keep in mind, since you say that magic is predominantly use for fighting in your world, is that men may have evolved to be more proficient in it in order to hunt and women less so as they would birth and look after children (in the same way that men in our world have evolved to be, generally, stronger and larger than women).

 

I don't encourage that you read the whole thing but some responses to a thread of mine were quite helpful - it got kind of out of hand with people disagreeing etc, but the first few pages helped me a lot.

Too Few Female Characters

 

The number of male and female characters should be exactly what the story needs them to be. Just piling up female characters to balance the ratio will result in a bunch of woman-shaped cardboard cutouts that do nothing but detract from the story.

Besides pregnancy being a hindrance, there's also a couple other biologic factors. For a species with predominant single births with long gestation periods and a (roughly) 1:1 gender ratio such as ours, for smaller populations the females are very valuable while the males are expendable. From the population's point of view, if a significant chunk of males die, the remainder can still impregnate the females and keep the birthrate stable. On the other hand, a great amount of female deaths will decrease the birthrate, which is a really bad thing for a small population but survivable for large populations and even preferable if there is overpopulation.

There's also the issue of athletic amenorrhea, which would probably be a problem for female soldiers on campaign. The high stress and energy expenditure of marching, besieging and battling combined with the less-than-optimal nutrition would probably cause their menstrual cycles to stop. Amenorrhea causes fun side effects like osteoporosis, so outside of a modern military structure with proper healthcare and infrastructure, there wouldn't be many women warriors going on long campaigns.

 

I actually made a spreadsheet for my characters' demographics (gender, class, sexual orientation, etc.). I found it was not very balanced. But also, I don't care.

So, there's my experience with gender ratios effecting my writing. Other than that, my thoughts on the subject reflect what other people in this thread has said.

 

I think it depends on a multitude of factors, many of which have already been discussed. Here's two more to consider.

- Don't add more of one gender (or change the gender of a character) just for the sake of balancing the scales. Your characters should be living, breathing people who are "who they are" for a reason. I've never written a character that I could look at and say, "Hmm, I could make this man a woman, or this lesbian heterosexual, or this transgender person cis".
- Think about who your target audience is. If you want to draw in more female readers, then you might want a good representation of female characters (disclaimer - females can enjoy fantasy novels with primarily male characters, we have lots of practise , but it is nice to have representation). I would think the male viewpoint is just as varied. If I recall correctly there was a thread here way back (maybe a year or so) that discussed readership and gender of characters.