Who Invented Fantasy?

To the first prehistoric person sitting around a fire trying to explain the noises in the dark
Other than that, you take your pick from a dozen places, starting with the Greek mythos or Gilgamesh
"Modern" fantasy [maybe] started with Frankenstein by Mary Shelley in 1818. But that has probably started a huge new debate

 

Tolkien.

Man, that one was easy!

 

'Modern fantasy' I might argue begins with William Morris's 'The Wood Beyond the World,' from the 1890s. But it very much depends on how one defines 'modern.' He certainly wasn't Modern in the cultural sense (Modernism begins around 1910), but he was the first to create a completely self-standing fantasy world—world building as we understand it today—with no references to our world, no 'it's all a dream,' no attempts at 'scientific' (no matter how far fetched) explanations. Or maybe we could move back a little further in time and look at George MacDonald's books, which are certainly fantasies as well. Anyway, there is a pretty long tradition of modern fantasy before Tolkien came along and a much, much longer fantasy tradition behind that. Back to when mankind first used its imagination.

 

I like to think it goes back to when we first made contact with the faerie realm and decided it was safer to tell the stories as "made-up" cautionary tales.

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It's the first genre of fiction.

 

I am biased

 

This reminds me of a Nabokov quote:
Literature was born not the day when a boy crying wolf, wolf came running out of the Neanderthal valley with a big gray wolf at his heels. Literature was born on the day when a boy came crying wolf, wolf and there was no wolf behind him.

 

I think Frankenstein is actually a science fiction novel. It's about technology and the impact of that technology on society. Yes, it's fantastical technology, but it's still technology. So, SciFi.

As for who started it, I think telling stories is what makes us human and able to live and work together in larger groups. And many of the first stories told were religious / fantastical in nature. The illiad by Homer has a lot of fantasy elements in there, and he was part of a long tradition of story tellers. So it's hard to say who was first.

As for modern fantasy, I have no idea. Define modern fantasy first and then we know where to start looking.

Or just go with Tolkien...

 

I’d say fantasy started with dreams. I think it’s probably safe to say most dreams would fit more neatly into that category than thriller, realism, sci-fi or what have you.
So fantasy predates humanity, language and all other genres, I guess.

I think a better question would be when did folklore/mythology become what we now know as fantasy fiction. It seems to me like it was a pretty gradually shift.

To me L. Frank Baum was the first modern fantasy writer as he was arguably the first to create a unique constructed world in which he set multiple and often unconnected stories. He published his first Oz book roughly 20 years before Tolkien “officially” got Middle-Earth started.

 

Nobody invented it, just changed the way they told the stories. modern day guys like William Morris, Robert Howard, and of course Tolkien all changed fantasy for the better. By going back we have Beowulf and the King Arthur tales which are all much much older. Then there were Greek plays and Authors like Homer. And I almost forgot to mention word of mouth folktales, such as the stories the Brothers Grimm gathered or Hans Christian Anderson wrote stories on.

 

Either Homer or the writer of the book of Genesis, or Gilgamesh? Or whatever came before that?

 

I've been thinking about this, and I think the oldest genre would be horror. Things which go Boo! in the night. Stories about the terror lurking just beyond the light of the fire or outside the cave at night.

Just look at kids. You don't have to tell them to be afraid of the dark, but they still are (some of them at least). And they still get nightmares.

 

A fantasy short story is still fantasy. It doesn't stop being fantasy just because it's not a novel. If the novel dies, the genres will still remain....?

 

Ooh! Ooh! Was it me? Memories not as good as it used to be!!!

Yes I remember now. I went back on my time dragon and started telling my stories to the smelly beardy guys sitting around campfires - though I think it was actually a travelogue at the time. But always happy to take the credit!

Cheers, Greg.